Chimodzi mwazinthu zazikuluzikulu za makina opangira zitsulo ndi turntable zimakhala ndi gawo lalikulu pakugwira ntchito kwa makina.

Spindlekubereka

Monga gawo lofunikira la chida cha makina, ntchito ya spindle idzakhudza kulondola kwa kasinthasintha, liwiro, kusasunthika, kukwera kwa kutentha, phokoso ndi magawo ena a chida cha makina, zomwe zidzakhudzanso khalidwe la processing la workpiece, monga monga kulondola kwa mbali, kuuma kwapamwamba ndi zizindikiro zina. Chifukwa chake, kuti mukhalebe ndi luso laukadaulo la zida zamakina, zida zogwirira ntchito zapamwamba ziyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito. Kulondola kwa mayendedwe omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pazitsulo zamakina kuyenera kukhala ISO P5 kapena pamwamba (P5 kapena P4 ndi magiredi olondola a ISO, nthawi zambiri P0, P6, P5, P4, P2 kuchokera kumunsi kupita kumtunda), komanso zida zamakina othamanga kwambiri a CNC, machining. Centers, etc. zitsulo za spindle zimaphatikizapo ma fani a mpira ozungulira, ma bere a tapered roller, ndi ma cylindrical roller bearings.

1. Kulondolazimbalangondo za mpira

Pakati pa mitundu yomwe yatchulidwa pamwambapa, mipiringidzo ya mipira yolumikizana bwino (onani Chithunzi 2) ndi yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri. Tonse tikudziwa kuti zinthu zogubuduza za mipira yolumikizana ndi ma angular ndi mipira; chifukwa ndi mfundo kukhudzana (mosiyana ndi mzere kukhudzana mayendedwe odzigudubuza), akhoza kupereka liwiro lapamwamba, m'badwo kutentha m'munsi ndi apamwamba kasinthasintha Kulondola. M'mapulogalamu ena othamanga kwambiri, ma berars osakanizidwa okhala ndi mipira ya ceramic (nthawi zambiri Si3N4 kapena Al2O3) amagwiritsidwanso ntchito. Poyerekeza ndi miyambo oumitsidwa bwino zitsulo mipira, makhalidwe a ceramic mpira zipangizo endows ceramic mpira mayendedwe ndi kuuma mkulu, liwiro, kukana kutentha kwambiri, ndi moyo wautali, kuti akwaniritse zosowa makasitomala mkulu-mapeto kwa makina zida kubala mankhwala.

2. Kulondolama tapered wodzigudubuza mayendedwe

Pazida zina zamakina zokhala ndi katundu wolemetsa komanso zofunikira zina zothamanga-monga kupera kwa forgings, makina okhota mawaya a mapaipi amafuta, zolemetsa zolemetsa ndi makina amphero, ndi zina zambiri, kusankha mayendedwe olondola odzigudubuza ndi njira yabwino. Chifukwa odzigudubuza a tapered wodzigudubuza kubala amapangidwa mu mzere kukhudzana, akhoza kupereka mkulu olimba ndi katundu mphamvu kwa kutsinde waukulu; Komanso, tapered wodzigudubuza kubala ndi koyera anagubuduza kubala kamangidwe, amene angathe kuchepetsa kubala ntchito bwino kwambiri. Torque ndi kutentha kuonetsetsa kuthamanga ndi kulondola kwa spindle. Popeza tapered wodzigudubuza mayendedwe akhoza kusintha axial preload (chilolezo) pa ndondomeko unsembe, izi zimathandiza makasitomala kukhathamiritsa bwino kunyamula chilolezo kusintha pa moyo wonse wa kubala.

3. Mwatsatanetsatane cylindrical wodzigudubuza mayendedwe

Pogwiritsira ntchito masipiko a zida zamakina, mizere iwiri yolondola yodzigudubuza imagwiritsidwanso ntchito, nthawi zambiri kuphatikiza ndi mizere yolondola yolumikizana ndi mpira kapena mayendedwe oponderezedwa. Mtundu uwu wa kunyamula ukhoza kupirira katundu wokulirapo wa radial ndikulola kuthamanga kwambiri. Mizere iwiri ya odzigudubuza muzitsulo imakonzedwa modutsana, ndipo kusinthasintha kwafupipafupi panthawi yozungulira kumakhala kwakukulu kwambiri kuposa mzere umodzi wokhala ndi mzere, ndipo matalikidwe amachepetsedwa ndi 60% mpaka 70%. Mtundu woterewu nthawi zambiri umakhala ndi mitundu iwiri: NN30, NN30K ziwiri zokhala ndi nthiti mkati mwa mphete yamkati ndi mphete yakunja yolekanitsidwa; NNU49, NNU49K mizere iwiri yokhala ndi nthiti pa mphete yakunja ndi mphete yamkati yolekanitsidwa, yomwe NN30K ndi NNU49K mndandanda Mphete yamkati ndi dzenje lopangidwa ndi tapered (taper 1:12), lomwe limafanana ndi magazini yojambulidwa ya shaft yayikulu. Mphete yamkati imatha kusunthidwa axially kuti ikulitse mphete yamkati, kotero kuti chilolezo chonyamulira chikhoza kuchepetsedwa kapena ngakhale kumangiriza kunyamula (boma losavomerezeka). Ma bearings okhala ndi ma cylindrical bores nthawi zambiri amawotcha, pogwiritsa ntchito kusokoneza kuti achepetse chilolezo, kapena kumangitsa chimbalangondocho. Kwa mayendedwe a NNU49 okhala ndi mphete yamkati yosiyanitsidwa, msewu wothamanga umakonzedwanso pambuyo poti mphete yamkati ili ndi shaft yayikulu kuti ipititse patsogolo kulondola kwa shaft yayikulu.